ATC code A11

ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Insulin lispro: ʻO Insulin lispro , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Humalog i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻano o ka insulin i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka ʻano diabetes 1 a me ka ʻano 2. Lawe ʻia ia a puni ka manawa ʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ka pahu ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻili a i ʻole i loko o kahi pump insulin. Kū ka hopena o nā hopena ma waena o 30 mau minuke a lōʻihi ma kahi o 5 mau hola. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka insulin hana lōʻihi e like me NPH e pono ai.
Insulin aspart: ʻO Insulin aspart , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Novolog i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻano o ka insulin hana ʻia e hoʻohana ai e mālama i ka ʻano diabetes 1 a me ka ʻano 2. Lawe ʻia ia ma mua pono o ka ʻai ʻana. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ia e ka pahu ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻili akā hoʻohana ʻia paha ia e ka pahu ʻana i loko o kahi aa koko. Hana ʻia ka hopena nui ma hope o 1-3 mau hola a lōʻihi no 3-5 mau hola. ʻO ka maʻamau he pono ʻo ka insulin ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi e like me NPH e pono ai.
Insulin glulisine: ʻO Insulin glulisine kahi analogue insulin wikiwiki e ʻokoʻa i ka insulina kanaka i loko o ka asparagine amino acid ma ke kūlana B3 i pani ʻia e ka lysine a ʻo ka lysine i ke kūlana B29 i hoʻololi ʻia e ka glutamic acid. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia e Sanofi-Aventis a kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Apidra . Ke injected subcutaneously, ʻike ʻia i ke koko ma mua o ka insulin kanaka. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he wā inikina, lawelawe ʻia ka mahele ma waena o 15 mau minuke ma mua a i ʻole 20 mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi pāʻina. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kuʻina intravenous no ka hyperglycemia loa, akā pono e hoʻokō ʻia ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana a kahi kauka.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Insulin lispro: ʻO Insulin lispro , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Humalog i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻano o ka insulin i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka ʻano diabetes 1 a me ka ʻano 2. Lawe ʻia ia a puni ka manawa ʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ka pahu ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻili a i ʻole i loko o kahi pump insulin. Kū ka hopena o nā hopena ma waena o 30 mau minuke a lōʻihi ma kahi o 5 mau hola. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka insulin hana lōʻihi e like me NPH e pono ai.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Insulin lispro: ʻO Insulin lispro , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Humalog i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻano o ka insulin i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka ʻano diabetes 1 a me ka ʻano 2. Lawe ʻia ia a puni ka manawa ʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ka pahu ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻili a i ʻole i loko o kahi pump insulin. Kū ka hopena o nā hopena ma waena o 30 mau minuke a lōʻihi ma kahi o 5 mau hola. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka insulin hana lōʻihi e like me NPH e pono ai.
Insulin aspart: ʻO Insulin aspart , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Novolog i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻano o ka insulin hana ʻia e hoʻohana ai e mālama i ka ʻano diabetes 1 a me ka ʻano 2. Lawe ʻia ia ma mua pono o ka ʻai ʻana. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ia e ka pahu ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻili akā hoʻohana ʻia paha ia e ka pahu ʻana i loko o kahi aa koko. Hana ʻia ka hopena nui ma hope o 1-3 mau hola a lōʻihi no 3-5 mau hola. ʻO ka maʻamau he pono ʻo ka insulin ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi e like me NPH e pono ai.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Insulin glargine: ʻO ka insulin glargine , i kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o nā inoa ʻo Lantus i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi insulina hana lōʻihi, hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes I a me ka ʻano II. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka ʻōlelo lōʻihi o ka insulin i United Kingdom. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā ma ke ʻano he injection i lalo o ka ʻili. Hoʻomaka ka hopena i hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka hoʻohana.
Insulin detemir: ʻO Insulin detemir , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa Levemir me nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi insulina hana lōʻihi i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā ʻano diabetes 1 a me nā ʻano ʻelua. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ka pahu kui ma lalo o ka ʻili. Hoʻonui ia a hiki i 24 mau hola.
Insulin degludec: ʻO ka Insulin degludec (INN / USAN) kahi hana hoʻohālikelike insulin basal e hana ana e Novo Nordisk ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Tresiba . Mālama ʻia ia ma o ka subcutaneous injection hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia lā e kōkua ai i ke kaohi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō i ke kō o ka poʻe me ka maʻi kō. Loaʻa iā ia kahi lōʻihi o ka hana e mau ana i 42 mau hola, e hoʻolilo iā ia i hoʻokahi insulina basal hoʻokahi manawa, ʻo ia ka mea e hāʻawi i kahi pae insulin haʻahaʻa, i kū ʻole i nā insulins bolus wikiwiki a pōkole hoʻi.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Phenformin: ʻO Phenformin kahi lāʻau antidiabetic mai ka papa biguanide. Ua kūʻai ʻia aku e like me DBI e Ciba-Geigy, akā ua kāʻili ʻia mai ka hapa nui o nā mākeke i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1970 ma muli o ka pilikia nui o ka lactic acidosis, kahi mea make ma 50% o nā hihia.
Metformin: ʻO Metformin , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Glucophage i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka lālani lālani mua loa no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2, keu hoʻi i ka poʻe kaumaha nui Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka polycystic ovary syndrome. ʻAʻole pili ia me ka waiwai kaupaona a lawe ʻia e ka waha. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he inoa hoʻohui e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ke kaupaona i nā poʻe i lawe i nā antipsychotics a me phenelzine.
Buformin: ʻO Buformin (1-butylbiguanide) kahi lāʻau antidiabetic waha o ka papa biguanide, pili pili i ka metformin a me phenformin. Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Buformin e ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau Kelemania ʻo Grünenthal ma ke ʻano ʻo Silubin.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Glibenclamide: ʻO Glibenclamide , i ʻike ʻia ʻo glyburide , kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Paipai ʻia e lawe pū ʻia me ka papaʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā lāʻau antidiabetic ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia e hoʻohana e ia iho i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus ʻano 1. Lawe ʻia e ka waha.
Chlorpropamide: ʻO Chlorpropamide kahi lāʻau i loko o ka papa sulfonylurea i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. He sulfonylurea hanauna hanauna lōʻihi loa ia.
Tolbutamide: ʻO Tolbutamide kahi hanauna pāhare potasiuma hanauna mua, sulfonylurea lāʻau hypoglycemic oral. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia lāʻau i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2 inā ʻaʻohe pono ka papaʻai. Hoʻoulu ʻo Tolbutamide i ka huna ʻana o ka insulin e ka pancreas.
Glibornuride: ʻO Glibornuride (INN) kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic mai ka hui o sulfonylureas. Hana ʻia ia e MEDA Pharma a kūʻai aku ʻia ma Switzerland ma lalo o ka inoa inoa Glutril .
Tolazamide: ʻO Tolazamide kahi lāʻau hoʻohaʻahaʻa glucose koko waha i hoʻohana ʻia no nā poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes Type 2. He ʻāpana ia o ka ʻohana sulfonylurea.
Carbutamide: ʻO Carbutamide kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic o ka papa sulfonylurea, hoʻomohala ʻia e Servier.
Glipizide: ʻO Glipizide , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Glucotrol i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic o ka papa sulfonylurea i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ka papaʻai diabetic a me ka hoʻoikaika kino. ʻAʻole ia e hōʻike ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana e ia i ka maʻi diabetes type 1. Lawe ʻia e ka waha. Hoʻomaka ka hopena ma waena o ka hapalua hola a hiki ke lōʻihi a hoʻokahi lā.
Gliquidone: ʻO Gliquidone kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic i ka papa sulfonylurea. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he hanauna sulfonylurea. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus ʻano 2. Kūʻai ʻia ia e ka ʻoihana lāʻau Boehringer Ingelheim (Kelemānia).
Gliclazide: ʻO Gliclazide , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Diamicron i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻano sulfonylurea o ka lāʻau anti-diabetic, hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus ʻano 2. Hoʻohana ʻia ia inā ʻaʻole lawa nā loli dietary, hoʻoikaika kino, a me ke kaupaona. Lawe ʻia e ka waha.
Metahexamide: ʻO Metahexamide (INN) kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic mai ka hui o sulfonylureas. He hana lōʻihi ia a no ka hanauna mua-he sulfonylureas cyclohexyl. Ua wehewehe mua ʻia ia ma 1959.
Glisoxepide: ʻO Glisoxepide (INN) kahi lāʻau i loaʻa i ka lāʻau anti-diabetic ma ka waha mai ka hui o sulfonylureas. Pili ia i ka lua o ka hanauna sulfonylureas.
Glimepiride: ʻO Glimepiride , kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus ʻano 2. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka makemake ma mua o ka metformin. Paipai ʻia ka hoʻohana pū me ka papaʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino. Lawe ʻia e ka waha. Lawe ʻo Glimepiride i ʻekolu mau hola no ka hopena ʻoi loa a paʻa no hoʻokahi lā.
Acetohexamide: ʻO Acetohexamide kahi lāʻau sulfonylurea hanauna mua i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi diabetes type 2, keu hoʻi i ka poʻe i hiki ʻole ke kāohi ʻia ka maʻi diabetes e kaʻai wale nō.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Glymidine sodium: ʻO Glymidine sodium kahi lāʻau sulfonamide antidiabetic, pili pili i ka sulfonylureas. Ua hōʻike mua ʻia ia ma 1964, a hoʻolauna ʻia i ka hoʻohana lapaʻau ʻana ma ʻEulopa i ka waena ma waena o ka hopena o 1960.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Canagliflozin/metformin: ʻO Canagliflozin / metformin , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Vokanamet i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau lapaʻau anti-diabetic i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes 2. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i hui pū ʻia me ka papaʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino. Lawe ʻia e ka waha.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Acarbose: ʻO Acarbose (INN) kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi diabetes type 2 a, i kekahi mau ʻāina, prediabetes. He Generic ia i kūʻai ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me Kina ma ke ʻano ʻo Glucobay , ma ʻAmelika Hema e like me Precose , a ma Kanada ʻo Prandase . Heʻuʻuku a makemake ʻia ia ma Kina, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ma ka US Hoʻokahi kauka e wehewehe ana ka palena o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka US no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka hiki ke hōʻoia i nā hopena ʻino o ka maʻi diarrhea a me ka pā. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻopau ʻia kahi noiʻi nui hou "maikaʻi ka palekana o ka acarbose, kahi palekana a hoʻomanawanui maikaʻi ʻia i loko o kahi hui nui o nā mea maʻi ʻĀkia me ka maʻi diabetes type 2. ʻoi loa i ka ʻai hikina.
Miglitol: ʻO Miglitol kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic waha e hana ma ka pāpā ʻana i ka hiki o ka mea hoʻomanawanui e wāwahi i nā haʻihaʻi paʻakikī i ka glucose. Hoʻohana mua ʻia ia i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus type 2 no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka kaohi glycemic ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka pale ʻana i ka digestion o nā wīwī i nā monosaccharides i hiki ke ʻānai ʻia e ke kino.
Voglibose: ʻO Voglibose kahi mea pāpā alpha-glucosidase i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pae glucose koko ma hope o ka prandial i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes. Hoʻolālā ʻo Voglibose i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka glucose a laila e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ana i ka makaʻi o nā pilikia macrovaskular. He huahana noiʻi ʻo Voglibose na ka ʻoihana lapaʻau ʻo Takeda, ʻo ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau nui loa ʻo Iapana. Hoʻomaka mua ʻia ʻo Voglibose ma ka makahiki 1994, ma lalo o ka inoa ʻoihana BASEN, e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hyperglycemia postprandial i ka maʻi diabetes.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Troglitazone: ʻO Troglitazone kahi lāʻau antidiabetic a me anti-inflammatory, a he lālā o ka papa lāʻau lapaʻau o nā thiazolidinediones. Ua kauoha ʻia no nā poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes mellitus ʻano 2.
Rosiglitazone: ʻO Rosiglitazone kahi lāʻau antidiabetic i ka papa thiazolidinedione. Hana ia ma ke ʻano he sensitizer insulina, ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka PPAR i nā hunaola momona a me ka pane ʻana i nā hunaola i ka insulin. Kūʻai ʻia ia e ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) ma ke ʻano he lāʻau kū hoʻokahi a i ʻole no ka hoʻohana pū ʻana me metformin a me glimepiride. Hoʻokuʻu mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1999, ua piʻi ka piko o nā kūʻai makahiki ma kahi o $ 2.5-biliona ma 2006; Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka meta-analysis ma 2007 e hoʻopili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka lāʻau i kahi piʻi nui o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, ua emi ka kūʻai aku ʻana i $ 9.5-miliona wale nō ma 2012. Ua pau ka pono o ka lāʻau i 2012.
Pioglitazone: ʻO Pioglitazone , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Actos i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi kōpoki 2. Hoʻohana ʻia paha me ka metformin, kahi sulfonylurea, a i ʻole ka insulin. Paipai ʻia ka hoʻohana pū me ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka papaʻai. ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia i ka maʻi diabetes type 1. Lawe ʻia e ka waha.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Sitagliptin: ʻO Sitagliptin , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa inoa Januvia i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi kōpoki 2. I ka United Kingdom ua helu ʻia ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka makemake ma mua o ka metformin a i ʻole ka sulfonylurea. Lawe ʻia e ka waha. Loaʻa iā ia i loko o ka lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻohui lāʻau sitagliptin / metformin.
Vildagliptin: ʻO Vildagliptin , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Galvus i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he agena anti-hyperglycemic waha o ka dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) papa hana hoʻopukapuka. Pākuʻi ʻo Vildagliptin i ka hana ʻole o GLP-1 a me GIP e DPP-4, e ʻae ana iā GLP-1 a me GIP e hoʻomāhuahua i ka huna ʻana o ka insulin i loko o nā hunaola beta a kāohi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka glucagon e nā pūnaewele alpha o nā mokupuni o Langerhans i ka pancreas.
Saxagliptin: Ua kūʻai aku ʻo Saxagliptin , ma lalo o ka inoa inoa Onglyza , he hypoglycemic waha o ka dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) papa hana hoʻohihi. ʻO Bristol-Myers Squibb wale nō ka hoʻomohala mua ʻana; i 2007 hui pū ʻo AstraZeneca me Bristol-Myers Squibb e hoʻomohala pū i ka hui hope loa a hana pū i ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka lāʻau.
Alogliptin: ʻO Alogliptin , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o nā inoa inoa Nesina a me Vipidia ,) he lāʻau anti-diabetic waha i ka papa mea hōʻoki DPP-4 (gliptin). ʻAʻole hoʻemi ʻo Alogliptin i ka makaʻu o ka puʻuwai a me ka hahau. E like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka papa gliptin, kumu ia ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaupaona, hōʻike i kahi makaʻu liʻiliʻi o ka hypoglycemia, a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka hana. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ʻo Alogliptin a me nā gliptins āpau me ka metformin i ka poʻe i hiki ʻole ke kāohi pono ʻia ka maʻi diabetes me metformin wale nō.
Linagliptin: ʻO Linagliptin , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Tradjenta i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi diabetes mellitus ʻano 2. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka makemake ʻia ma mua o ka metformin a me ka sulfonylureas ma ke ʻano he lapaʻau mua. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka papaʻai. ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia i ka maʻi diabetes type 1. Lawe ʻia e ka waha.
Gemigliptin: ʻO Gemigliptin (rINN), kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Zemiglo , kahi ʻaoʻao anti-hyperglycemic waha o ka dipeptidyl peptidase-4 mea kāohi i ka papa o nā lāʻau. Hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia nā hopena hoʻoliʻiliʻi glucose o nā mea hoʻopili DPP-4 e GLP-1 a me nā polypeptide gastryphalide gastric (GIP) i hoʻoulu ʻia e DPP-4.
Liraglutide: ʻO Liraglutide , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Victoza i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi maʻamau o 2, ka momona, a me ka hoʻokele kaumaha mau. I ka maʻi kō he mea ia i makemake ʻole ʻia e like me ka metformin. ʻO nā hopena ma nā hopena olakino lōʻihi e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai a me ka lōʻihi o ke ola. Hāʻawi ʻia ia e ka pahu kui ma lalo o ka ʻili.
Canagliflozin: ʻO Canagliflozin , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa inoa Invokana i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi kō ʻelua . He lāʻau lapaʻau kolu ia i metformin. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka papaʻai. ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia i ka maʻi diabetes type 1. Lawe ʻia e ka waha.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Guar gum: ʻO Guar gum , i kapa ʻia ʻo guaran , kahi galactomannan polysaccharide i unuhi ʻia mai nā pīni guar e hoʻonui ana a paʻa i nā waiwai kūpono i ka meaʻai, hānai, a me nā hana ʻoihana. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā ʻanoano guar, hydrated, milled a kānana ʻia e like me ka noi. Hana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he kahe manuahi e kahe wale ana, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
Repaglinide: ʻO Repaglinide kahi lāʻau antidiabetic i ka papa o nā lāʻau i ʻike ʻia me meglitinides, a ua haku ʻia i ka makahiki 1983. ʻO Repaglinide kahi lāʻau lapaʻau waha i hoʻohana ʻia me ka hoʻohui i ka papaʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino no ka mālama kō kō ʻana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai diabetes 2. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana o repaglinide pili i ka paipai ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka insulina mai nā huna let-islet o ka pancreas; e like me nā lāʻau antidiabetic ʻē aʻe, hypoglycemia kahi hopohopo nui e pili ana i ka hopena. Kūʻai ʻia ia e Novo Nordisk ma lalo o ka inoa o Prandin ma United States, GlucoNorm ma Kanada, Surepost ma Iapana, Repaglinide ma ʻAigupita e EIPICO, a me NovoNorm ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe. I Iapana ua hoʻopuka ʻia e Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma.
Nateglinide: ʻO Nateglinide kahi lāʻau no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ʻo Nateglinide e Ajinomoto, kahi hui Kepanī a kūʻai ʻia e ka ʻoihana lapaʻau Swiss ʻo Novartis.
Exenatide: ʻO Exenatide , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Byetta a me Bydureon i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi diabetes type 2. Hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka papaʻai, hoʻoikaika kino, a me nā lāʻau antidiabetic like paha. He koho lapaʻau ia ma hope o ka metformin a me ka sulfonylureas. Hāʻawi ʻia ia e ka pahu ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻili i loko o hoʻokahi hola ma mua o ka ʻai mua a hope o ka lā. Loaʻa i kahi mana o ka pahu kui hoʻokahi-pule.
Pramlintide: ʻO Pramlintide kahi lāʻau hoʻohālikelike amylin like pono ʻole no ka maʻi diabetes, i hoʻomohala ʻia e Amylin Pharmaceuticals. Kūʻai ʻia ʻo Pramlintide ma ke ʻano he paʻakai acetate.
Benfluorex: ʻO Benfluorex , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Mediator , kahi mea hoʻohana anorectic a me hypolipidemic e pili pono ana i ka fenfluramine. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka kaohi glycemic a hoʻemi i ke kūpaʻa o ka insulin i ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes type-2 maikaʻi ʻole.
Liraglutide: ʻO Liraglutide , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Victoza i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau anti-diabetic i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi maʻamau o 2, ka momona, a me ka hoʻokele kaumaha mau. I ka maʻi kō he mea ia i makemake ʻole ʻia e like me ka metformin. ʻO nā hopena ma nā hopena olakino lōʻihi e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai a me ka lōʻihi o ke ola. Hāʻawi ʻia ia e ka pahu kui ma lalo o ka ʻili.
Mitiglinide: He lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Mitiglinide no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2.
Dapagliflozin: ʻO Dapagliflozin , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Farxiga i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi maʻamau ʻo 2 a, me kekahi mau kapu, ʻano he diabetes 1. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e mālama i nā mākua me kekahi ʻano puʻuwai puʻuwai.
Lixisenatide: ʻO Lixisenatide kahi agonist receptor GLP-1 i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia lā no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes type 2.
Canagliflozin: ʻO Canagliflozin , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa inoa Invokana i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama ai i ka maʻi kō ʻelua . He lāʻau lapaʻau kolu ia i metformin. Hoʻohana ʻia ia me ka hoʻoikaika kino a me ka papaʻai. ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia i ka maʻi diabetes type 1. Lawe ʻia e ka waha.
Empagliflozin: ʻO Empagliflozin , kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Jardiance i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka papaʻai a me ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana e mālama ai i ka maʻi kō ʻelua . Hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ma kahi o metformin a loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi ma luna o sulfonylureas. Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe e like me metformin a i ʻole insulin. ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia no ka maʻi diabetes type 1. Lawe ʻia e ka waha. I ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻike hoʻokolokolo hou, manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa koke ka laikini e hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea maʻi me ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kūlana diabetic.
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A10: ʻO ka ATC code A10 Drugs i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻi kō , he subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A10 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Tolrestat: ʻO Tolrestat (INN) ( AY-27773 ) kahi mea kāohi aldose reductase i ʻae ʻia no ka kaohi ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi diabetic.
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Retinol: ʻO Retinol , ka mea i ʻike ʻia me ka huaʻai A 1 , kahi huaora i loko o ka ʻohana wikamina A i loaʻa i ka meaʻai a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he papa ʻaʻai. Ma ke ʻano he hoʻopiha i ʻai ʻia e mālama a pale i ka hemahema o ka wikamina A, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hopena i ka xerophthalmia. I nā wahi e maʻa mau ka hemahema, paipai ʻia kahi lāʻau nui hoʻokahi i ka poʻe e makaʻu nui i nā manawa ʻelua i ka makahiki. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o nā pilikia i ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi ʻula. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ka waha a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana i loko o kahi mākala.
Beta-Carotene: ʻO β-Carotene kahi meaola, kala ʻulaʻula ʻalani-ʻalani i nui i nā fungi, nā mea kanu, a me nā hua. He lālā ia o nā carotenes, ʻo ia nā terpenoids (isoprenoids), synthesized biochemically mai ʻewalu mau isoprene unit a no laila he 40 mau kalapona. Ma waena o nā carotenes, ʻike ʻia ka β-carotene e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā beta i nā wēlau ʻelua o ka mole. β-ʻO Carotene kahi biosynthesized mai ka geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Ergocalciferol: ʻO Ergocalciferol , i ʻike ʻia he wikamina D 2 a me nonspecific calciferol , kahi ʻano o ka wikamina D i loaʻa i loko o ka meaʻai a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he papa ʻaʻai. Ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua i hoʻohana ʻia ia e pale a mālama i ka hemahema o ka wikamina D. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hemahema o ka huaola D ma muli o ka lawe maikaʻi ʻole ʻia e nā ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi ate. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka momona o ke koko haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka hypoparathyroidism. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ka waha a i ʻole ka ʻoki ʻana i loko o kahi mākala.
Dihydrotachysterol: ʻO Dihydrotachysterol (DHT) kahi synthetic vitamina D analog i hoʻoulu ʻia i ke akepaʻa e koi ʻole ai i ka hydroxylation renal e like me ka wikamina D 2 (ergocalciferol) a me ka wikamina D 3 (cholecalciferol). Loaʻa ka wikiwiki o ka DHT o ka hana (2 mau hola), kahi hapalua o ke ola, a me ka hopena i ka mineralization o nā paʻakai iwi ma mua o ka vitamina D.
Alfacalcidol: ʻO Alfacalcidol kahi analogue o ka wikamina D i hoʻohana ʻia no ka supplementation i loko o nā kānaka a ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui hānai manu.
Calcitriol: ʻO Calcitriol ke ʻano o ka wikamina D, hana maʻamau ʻia i ka puʻupaʻa. ʻIke ʻia ʻo 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol . ʻO ia kahi hōmona e hoʻopaʻa ai a hoʻōla i ka mea loaʻa i ka lāʻau D i loko o ka puʻuwai o ke kolamu, a laila hoʻonui i ka ʻōlelo o nā ʻāpana he nui. Hoʻonui ka Calcitriol i ke kalipuna o ke koko (Ca 2+ ) ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lawe ʻana o ka calcium mai nā ʻōpū.
Cholecalciferol: ʻO Cholecalciferol , i ʻike ʻia he wikamina D 3 a me colecalciferol , kahi ʻano o ka wikamina D i hana ʻia e ka ʻili ke hōʻike ʻia i ka lā. ʻike ʻia ia i loko o kekahi mau meaʻai a hiki ke lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he papaʻai meaʻai.
Calcifediol: ʻO Calcifediol , a i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he calcidiol , 25-hydroxycholecalciferol , a i ʻole 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (i hoʻopōkole ʻia 25 (OH) D 3 ), kahi ʻano o ka wikamina D i hana ʻia i ke akepaʻa e ka hydroxylation o ka wikamina D 3 (cholecalciferol) e ka enzyme vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. Hiki ke hoʻohui hou ʻia ʻo Calcifediol e ka enzyme 25 (OH) D-1α-hydroxylase, ke poʻo i loko o ka puʻuwai, e hana i ka calcitriol (1,25- (OH) 2 D 3 ), ʻo ia ka ʻano hormonal hana o ka wikamina D.
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
Thiamine: ʻO Thiamine , i ʻike ʻia ʻo thiamin a i ʻole wikamina B 1 , kahi huaola i loaʻa i ka meaʻai a hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he papaʻai a me ka lāʻau. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai o ka thiamine e komo pū me nā hua, nā legume, a me nā ʻiʻo a me nā iʻa. Lawe ka hana palaoa i ka hapa nui o ka ʻike thiamine, no laila ma nā ʻāina he nui e hoʻopili ʻia nā cereala a me nā palaoa me ka thiamine. Loaʻa nā mea kōkua a me nā lāʻau e mālama a pale aku i ka hemahema o ka thiamine a me nā maʻi i loaʻa mai iā ia, e like me beriberi a me Wernicke encephalopathy. ʻO nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe e laʻa me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi mimi syrup maple a me Leigh syndrome. Lawe pinepine ʻia lākou e ka waha, akā hāʻawi ʻia ʻia paha e ka injection intravenous a i ʻole intramuscular.
Sulbutiamine: ʻO Sulbutiamine (inoa inoa: Arcalion ) kahi kumu synthetic o thiamine (wikamina B 1 ). I Palani, hoʻohana ʻia ia e mālama i nā hōʻailona o ka nāwaliwali a i ʻole ka luhi. Kūʻai ʻia aku nō ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopihaʻai. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Sulbutiamine ma Iāpana ma ke ʻāpana o ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻomohala i nā derivatives thiamine pono.
Benfotiamine: {{Ka pahu lāʻau lāʻau | Verifiedfields = hoʻololi | Watchedfields = hoʻololi \ n | hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia = 449055379 \ n | IUPAC_name = S - [2 - {[(4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl) methyl] (formyl) amino} -5- (phosphonooxy) pent-2-en-3-yl] benzenecarbothioate \ n | kiʻi = Benfotiamine.svg \ n | kiʻi2 = Benfotiamine kinipōpō-a-koʻokoʻo.png \ n \ n | tradename = Milgamma \ n | Drugs.com = Nā Inoa Laau Kauʻāina \ n | hāpai keiki_AU = \ n | hāpai keiki_US = \ n | hāpai keiki_category = \ n | loio_AU = \ n | loio_CA = \ n | loio_UK = \ n | loio_US = \ n | loio_status = OTC \ n | nā alanui_of_ad administration = ʻallelo waha \ n \ n | bioavailability = \ n | protein_bound = \ n | metabolism = \ n | elusive_half-life = \ n | hoʻopuka = ​​\ n \ n | CAS_number_Ref = \ n | CAS_number = 22457-89-2 \ n | ATC_prefix = A11 \ n | ATC_suffix = DA03 \ n | PubChem = 3032771 \ n | ChEMBL_Ref = \ n | ChEMBL = 1491875 \ n | ChEBI_Ref = \ n | ChEBI = 41039 \ n | ChemSpiderID_Ref = \ n | ChemSpiderID = 2297665 \ n | UNII_Ref = \ n | UNII = Y92OUS2H9B \ n | synonyms = S -Benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate \ n \ n | C = 19 | H = 23 \ n | N = 4 | ʻO = 6 \ n | P = 1 | S = 1 \ n | minoʻaka = O = P (O) (O) OCCC (/ SC c1ccccc1) = C (/ N Cc2cnc C) C \ n | StdInChI_Ref = \ n | StdInChI = 1S / C19H23N4O6PS / c1-13 (23 11-16-10-21-14 22-18 20) 17 (8-9-29-30 28) 31-19 (25) 15-6-4-3- 5-7-15 / h3-7,10,12H, 8-9,11H2,1-2H3, (H2,20,21,22) (H2,26,27,28) / b17-13- \ n | StdInChIKey_Ref = \ n | StdInChIKey = BTNNPSLJPBRMLZ-LGMDPLHJSA-N \ n}}
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .
ATC code A11: ʻO ka ATC code A11 Vitamins kahi subgroup therapeutic o ka Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, kahi ʻōnaehana o nā code alphanumeric i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka World Health Organization (WHO) no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lāʻau a me nā huahana olakino ʻē aʻe. ʻO Subgroup A11 kahi ʻāpana o ka hui anatomical A Alimentary tract and metabolism .